Genetics+Glossary

Add terms to the table and then add definitions to the terms others have already written in. You should also be checking the definitions people have written as they may need correcting or modifying to make them fully correct.


 * =KEY TERM= || =DEFINITION/KEY INFO= || =Extra info= ||
 * DNA ||  || Carries the genetic information of an organism. ||
 * Double helix ||  ||   ||
 * Adenine ||  || Matches with Thymine. ||
 * **DNA Ligase** ||  || a DNA replication enzyme that catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between the 3' end of a new DNA fragment and the 5'. ||
 * DNA polymerase ||  || the enzyme responsible for DNA replication ||
 * RNA polymerase ||  || the enzyme that copies DNA into RNA. ||
 * ribosomes ||  || Ribosomes are the components of cells that make proteins from amino acids. ||
 * proteins ||  || any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids. ||
 * helicase ||  || An enzyme required for DNA unwinding. ||
 * okazaki fragments ||  || An Okazaki fragment is a relatively short fragment of DNA (with an RNA primer at the 5' terminus) created on the lagging strand during DNA ||
 * amino acids ||  || Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side chain that varies between different amino acids. ||
 * transcription ||  || Transcription, or RNA synthesis, is the process of creating an equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. ||
 * DNA processing ||  || when the mRNA (messenger RNA) strand gets spliced and all the introns get taken out then the strand is formed again but it is shorter. ||
 * translation ||  || Translation is the first stage of protein biosynthesis (part of the overall process of gene expression). ||
 * polypeptide chain ||  || are short polymers formed from the linking, in a defined order, of α-amino acids ||
 * DNA polymerase II ||  || DNA polymerase II (also known as DNA Pol II or Pol II) is a prokaryotic DNA polymerase most likely involved in DNA repair ||
 * DNA polymerase III ||  || DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is the primary enzyme complex involved in prokaryotic DNA replication ||
 * mRNA ||  || messenger RNA: the template for protein synthesis; the form of RNA that carries information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of ||
 * tRNA ||  || transfer RNA: RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that ||
 * cytoplasm ||  || the protoplasm of a cell excluding the nucleus; is full of proteins that control cell metabolism ||
 * chromosomes ||  || A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes ||